10 results
382 Unitary neural correlates of self-control in pediatric transdiagnostic psychopathology
- Part of
- Adam Kaminski, Hua Xie, Brylee Hawkins, Laura Campos, Madison Berl, Lauren Kenworthy, Chandan J. Vaidya
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 8 / Issue s1 / April 2024
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 03 April 2024, p. 114
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Childhood psychopathology is a worsening public health crisis leading to negative life outcomes, including self-harm and suicide. Difficulty in self-control as early as 3 years old predicts psychopathology, but the mediating mechanisms of brain function are unknown. Here, we tested one mechanism: functional connectivity (FC) integration. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied a sample of 204 children [53 F/149 M/2 NC; mean age (SD)=11 years (1.7)] with diverse self-control difficulties (e.g., attention deficit disorder [n=80]; autism spectrum disorders [n=91]). We extracted a general factor of psychopathology (“p-factor”) from the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. For participants with high quality fMRI data on 3 self-control tasks (n=79), testing flexibility, working memory, and inhibition, we calculated FC connectomes reflecting a general self-control state, and applied connectome predictive modeling (CPM) to reveal connections predicting overall task impairment. We then measured individual variance in cross-network integration of regions with the most predictive connections and tested for association with p-factor in a multiple linear regression. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We repeated CPM 1,000 times with 10-fold cross validation to generate a distribution of accuracies for predicted vs. observed task impairment scores (mean r=0.25, permutation p=0.02). Connections selected a maximum of 10,000 times (10 folds * 1,000 repetitions) were strongly predictive of task impairment (r=-0.5, p<0.001), highlighting connectivity of canonical executive networks as well as the default mode network. Regions (n=22) with the top 5% most selected connections were in lateral parietal and frontal cortices and implicated motor control. Between-network integration, operationalized with the graph theory metric participation coefficient, of one of these regions in left posterior superior frontal gyrus significantly predicted p-factor (R2=0.26, F(22,56) = 0.87; B =-0.49, p<0.05). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: A portion of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, associated with executive control, explained individual variance in p-factor. We plan to test alternative predictive models. Identification of such a neuro behavioral mechanism underlying psychopathology may lead to novel intervention targets.
27 Assessing Differences in Academic Achievement Among a National Sample of Children with Epilepsy Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
- Brandon Almy, Lauren Scimeca, David Marshall, Brittany L. Nordhaus, Erin Fedak Romanowski, Nancy McNamara, Elise Hodges, Madison M. Berl, Alyssa Ailion, Donald J. Bearden, Katrina Boyer, Crystal M. Cooper, Amanda M. Decrow, Priscilla H. Duong, Patricia Espe-Pfeifer, Marsha Gabriel, Jennifer I. Koop, Kelly A. McNally, Andrew Molnar, Emily Olsen, Kim E. Ono, Kristina E. Patrick, Brianna Paul, Jonathan Romain, Leigh N. Sepeta, Rebecca L.H. Stilp, Greta N. Wilkening, Mike Zaccariello, Frank Zelko
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 28-29
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted schools and learning formats. Children with epilepsy are at-risk for generalized academic difficulties. We investigated the potential impact of COVID-19 on learning in those with epilepsy by comparing achievement on well-established academic measures among school-age children with epilepsy referred prior to the COVID-19 pandemic and those referred during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Participants and Methods:This study included 466 children [52% male, predominately White (76%), MAge=10.75 years] enrolled in the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium Epilepsy (PERC) Surgery database project who were referred for surgery and seen for neuropsychological testing. Patients were divided into two groups based on a proxy measure of pandemic timing completed by PERC research staff at each site (i.e., “were there any changes to typical in-person administration [of the evaluation] due to COVID?”). 31% of the sample (N = 144) were identified as having testing during the pandemic (i.e., “yes” response), while 69% were identified as having testing done pre-pandemic (i.e., “no” response). Of the 31% who answered yes, 99% of administration changes pertained to in-person testing or other changes, with 1% indicating remote testing. Academic achievement was assessed by performance measures (i.e., word reading, reading comprehension, spelling, math calculations, and math word problems) across several different tests. T-tests compared the two groups on each academic domain. Subsequent analyses examined potential differences in academic achievement among age cohorts that approximately matched grade level [i.e., grade school (ages 5-10), middle school (ages 11-14), and high school (ages 15-18)].
Results:No significant differences were found between children who underwent an evaluation before the pandemic compared to those assessed during the pandemic based on age norms across academic achievement subtests (all p’s > .34). Similarly, there were no significant differences among age cohorts. The average performance for each age cohort generally fell in the low average range across academic skills. Performance inconsistently varied between age cohorts. The youngest cohort (ages 5-10) scored lower than the other cohorts for sight-word reading, whereas this cohort scored higher than the middle cohort (ages 11-14) for math word problems and reading comprehension. There were no significant differences between the two pandemic groups on demographic variables, intellectual functioning, or epilepsy variables (i.e., age of onset, number of seizure medications, seizure frequency).
Conclusions:Academic functioning was generally equivalent between children with epilepsy who underwent academic testing as part of a pre-surgical evaluation prior to the pandemic compared to those who received testing during the pandemic. Additionally, academic functioning did not significantly differ between age cohorts. Children with epilepsy may have entered the pandemic with effective academic supports and/or were accustomed to school disruptions given their seizure history. Replication is needed as findings are based on a proxy measure of pandemic timing and the extent to which children experienced in-person, remote, and hybrid learning is unknown. Children tested a year into the pandemic, after receiving instruction through varying educational methods, may score differently than those tested earlier. Future research can address these gaps. Although it is encouraging that academic functioning was not disproportionately impacted during the pandemic in this sample, children with epilepsy are at-risk for generalized academic difficulties and continued monitoring of academic functioning is necessary.
4 Educational and Social/Economic Opportunity Associated with IQ in DC Metro Children
- Johanna Nielsen, Madison Berl, Leigh Sepeta, Karin Walsh, Yangfeifei Gao, Mary Godfrey, Rachael Tillman, Ashley Strong, Rachael Arowolo, Hayley Loblein
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 212-213
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Social determinants of health (SDOH) are social conditions (e.g., employment, access to healthcare, quality schools) which are shown by a growing body of literature to impact many health outcomes, including cognition. The development of community-level measures including the Child Opportunity Index (COI) have allowed for increased understanding of the resources and conditions in neighborhoods and their impact on children’s health. Given the limited existing research on how neighborhood factors impact cognitive development, this study aimed to examine associations between neighborhood context (COI) and cognitive outcomes in children and adolescents who presented for neuropsychological evaluations.
Participants and Methods:Participants included 4,633 youth (ages 2-22; M = 10.8 years; SD = 4.1 years; 63% Male; 33% with a medical condition involving the central nervous system [CNS]) living in the DC-VA-MD-WV Metro Area who presented to an outpatient clinic for evaluation and completed an intellectual functioning (IQ) measure (88% Weschler, 11% DAS, <1% Leiter, <1% RIAS). COI values were extracted from electronic medical records based on home address. COI values include an overall index and three domain scores in educational (educational access, quality, and outcomes), health/environment (access to healthy food, healthcare, and greenspace) and social/economic (income, employment, poverty); higher scores indicate higher opportunity. Using metro-based norms, children from all opportunity levels were represented (14% Very Low, 13% Low, 18% Moderate, 21% High, 34% Very High). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine main effect associations between COI and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ), Verbal IQ (VIQ), and Non-Verbal IQ (NVIQ) and explore moderation of age, gender, and medical condition on these associations. Additional regression analyses examined these relationships for the three COI domains.
Results:Controlling for age, gender, and medical condition, neighborhood opportunity was positively associated with cognitive function (FSIQ: ß=0.198; VIQ: ß=0.202; NVIQ: ß=0.148, p’s <0.01). Models accounted for approximately 10-14% percent of the variance in cognitive outcomes (FSIQ: F[6,4476]=180.331), Adj.R2=0.138; VIQ: F[6,4556]=161.931), Adj.R2=0.124; NVIQ: F[6,4548]=123.893), Adj.R2=0.098). Age moderated the association between overall COI and cognitive outcomes (FSIQ: ß=0.005, p=0.018; VIQ: ß=0.005, p=0.043; NVIQ: ß=0.005, p<0.01) such that the association between neighborhood opportunity and cognitive outcomes was stronger at older ages, though this was a small effect. When examining subdomains of COI, cognitive outcomes were associated with educational (FSIQ: ß=0.094; VIQ: ß=0.099; NVIQ: ß=0.078, p’s <0.01) and social/economic opportunity (FSIQ: ß=0.115; VIQ: B=0.121; NVIQ: ß=0.084, p’s <0.01) but not health/environmental opportunity (FSIQ: ß=-0.001, p=0.991; VIQ: ß=-0.008, p=0.581; NVIQ: ß=-0.008, p=0.553). Medical diagnosis moderated the association between social/economic opportunity and FSIQ; there was a stronger association between IQ and COI in youth with a medical diagnosis (ß=-0.071, p<0.05).
Conclusions:These findings demonstrate the importance of neighborhood factors, especially education and social/economic opportunities, on cognitive development. Children living in higher opportunity neighborhoods showed higher cognitive functioning. Older age and CNS-involved medical conditions were associated with higher risk in the context of reduced neighborhood opportunities. These findings emphasize the need for advocacy and other efforts to improve community resources (e.g., access to early childhood education) to address inequities in cognitive development.
Invited Symposium 2: The Need for a Highly Individualized Approach to Brain Mapping: Neuroanatomical, Lifespan and Cultural-Language Considerations
- David S. Sabsevitz, Madison Berl, Połczyńska Monika
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 503-504
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Brain mapping is critical in reducing risk for cognitive morbidity in epilepsy and brain tumor surgery. Mapping using functional MRI, and extra- and intraoperative electrical stimulation, requires a high level of expertise in functional neuroanatomy but also an understanding of individual patient characteristics that can impact mapping results and post-operative outcome. Patients can vary considerably with respect to their cognitive status going into surgery. The neuroanatomy of the disease, age and developmental level, and cultural and language differences can all influence patients' performance during brain mapping and impact surgical decision making. The purpose of this session is to discuss the importance of taking a highly individualized approach to brain mapping, focusing on anatomical considerations and individual patient differences in task selection and data interpretation. We will cover language mapping in patients who speak more than one language. Practical information will be provided to help guide informed task selection through illustrative case presentations that highlight the need for individualized brain mapping.
Upon conclusion of this course, learners will be able to:
1. Discuss informed task selection based on cortical and subcortical functional neuroanatomy
2. Explain how functional maps change with normal development and factors that should be considered when interpreting results for presurgical planning
3. Assess differences between the bilingual and monolingual brain, factors that modulate the neuroanatomical representation of language in bilinguals and strategies in mapping multiple languages for surgical planning
80 Implications of Body Mass Index on Executive Functioning in Clinically Diagnosed Neurodiverse Children
- Laura A Campos, Sri Vaishnavi Konagalla, Jessica Smith, Jordan Linde, Madison Berl, Chandan Vaidya, Lauren Kenworthy
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 72-73
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Childhood obesity is a serious health epidemic affecting the world today. Children who are obese earlier in life are more likely to stay obese and have an increased risk of poorer health outcomes later in life, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is also associated with deficits in executive function. Executive function (EF) is comprised of several distinct but interrelated abilities including working memory, planning, inhibition, and flexibility. Prior research suggests that obesity drives brain changes which implicate executive function structures. Our aim is to examine the relationship between childhood obesity and executive function in children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Participants and Methods:These data are from an ongoing study on neural and behavioral phenotypes of executive functioning in children with developmental disabilities, primarily Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Only study participants with complete BMI and BRIEF data were included in these analyses (n = 184). 134 representing (72.8%) of the participants were Male, 49 representing (26.6%) were Female, and 1 representing (.5%) were Gender nonconforming. 50 representing (27.2%) of the participants were between 8-9 years, 55 representing (29.9%) were between 10-11 years, and 80 representing (43.0%) were between 12-13 years. Average age was 11 years. 11 representing (6.0%) of the participants were underweight, 115 representing (62.5%) were healthy, 29 representing (15.8%) were overweight, and 29 representing (15.8%) were obese. Average BMI was 19.0, ranging from 13.2 to 36.3. 106 representing (57.6%) of the participants identified as White, 65 representing (35.3%) identified as BIPOC (2 Asian, 31 Hispanic/Latinx, 32 Black) and 13 representing (4.4%) identified as other/unspecified. 114 representing (61.9%) of the participants had a diagnosis of ADHD, ASD, or comorbid ASD and ADHD, 70 representing (38.1%) had a diagnosis of other. Average FSIQ-2 score was 106.98. Parents were asked to complete the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2) and the Inhibit, Shift, Working Memory (WM), Planning, and Global Executive Composite (GEC) scales were used as the dependent measure in analyses. BMI (kg/mA2) was calculated based on CDC 2000 growth charts and classified into 4 mutually exclusive categories—underweight, healthy, overweight, and obese. There was a prediction that higher BMI would be associated with lower executive function.
Results:A one-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference between groups (F(3,180) = 3.649, p = .014). A Tukey post hoc test revealed more Shift problems in the obese group (74.55 ± 11.7) compared to the overweight group (65.79 ± 11.6, p = .026). There was no statistically significant difference between the underweight/healthy and obese groups (p = .999/p = .054). There was no statistically significant difference in mean T-scores for the Inhibit, WM, Planning, or GEC scales.
Conclusions:Childhood obesity and executive function deficits are significant risk factors for adult health outcomes. Obesity and elevated executive function T-scores for flexibility are related in a group of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Future investigation will explore the role of cortical thickness and medication in these data.
3 Latent Wechsler Profiles in Presurgical Pediatric Epilepsy
- Madison M Berl, Erin T Kaseda, Jennifer I Koop, Brandon Almy, Alyssa Ailion, Donald J Bearden, Katrina Boyer, Crystal M Cooper, Amanda M DeCrow, Priscilla H Duong, Patricia Espe-Pfeifer, Marsha Gabriel, Elise Hodges, David Marshall, Kelly A McNally, Andrew Molnar, Emily Olsen, Kim E Ono, Kristina E Patrick, Brianna Paul, Jonathan Romain, Leigh N Sepeta, Rebecca LH Stilp, Greta Wilkening, Michael Zaccariello, Frank Zelko, PERC Epilepsy Surgery Database Project
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 308-310
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
The Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) Epilepsy Surgery Database Project is a multisite collaborative that includes neuropsychological evaluations of children presenting for epilepsy surgery. There is some evidence for specific neuropsychological phenotypes within epilepsy (Hermann et al, 2016); however, this is less clear in pediatric patients. As a first step, we applied an empirically-based subtyping approach to determine if there were specific profiles using indices from the Wechsler scales [Verbal IQ (VIQ), Nonverbal IQ (NVIQ), Processing Speed Index (PSI), Working Memory Index (WMI)]. We hypothesized that there would be at least four profiles that are distinguished by slow processing speed and poor working memory as well as profiles with significant differences between verbal and nonverbal reasoning abilities.
Participants and Methods:Our study included 372 children (M=12.1 years SD=4.1; 77.4% White; 48% male) who completed an age-appropriate Wechsler measure, enough to render at least two index scores. Epilepsy characteristics included 84.4% with focal epilepsy (evenly distributed between left and right focus) and 13.5% with generalized or mixed seizure types; mean age of onset = 6.7 years, SD = 4.5; seizure frequency ranged from daily to less than monthly; 53% had structural etiology; 71% had an abnormal MRI; and mean number of antiseizure medications was two. Latent profile analysis was used to identify discrete underlying cognitive profiles based on intellectual functioning. Demographic and epilepsy characteristics were compared among profiles.
Results:Based on class enumeration procedures, a 3-cluster solution provided the best fit for the data, with profiles characterized by generally Average, Low Average, or Below Average functioning. 32.8% were in the Average profile with mean index scores ranging from 91.7-103.2; 47.6% were in the Low Average profile with mean index ranging from 80.7 to 84.5; and 19.6% were in the Below Average profile with mean index scores ranging from 55.0-63.1. Across all profiles, the lowest mean score was the PSI, followed by WMI. VIQ and NVIQ represented relatively higher scores for all three profiles. Mean discrepancy between indices within a profile was as large as 11.5 IQ points. No demographics or epilepsy characteristics were significantly different across cognitive phenotypes.
Conclusions:Latent cognitive phenotypes in a pediatric presurgical cohort were differentiated by general level of functioning; however, across profiles, processing speed was consistently the lowest index followed by working memory. These findings across phenotypes suggest a common relative weakness which may result from a global effect of antiseizure medications and/or the widespread impact of seizures on neural networks even in a largely focal epilepsy cohort; similar to adult studies with temporal lobe epilepsy (Hermann et al, 2007). Future work will use latent profile analysis to examine phenotypes across other domains relevant to pediatric epilepsy including attention, naming, motor, and memory functioning. These findings are in line with collaborative efforts towards cognitive phenotyping which is the aim of our PERC Epilepsy Surgery Database Project that has already established one of the largest pediatric epilepsy surgery cohorts.
26 The Importance of Executive Functioning for Academic Achievement Among a National Sample of Children with Epilepsy
- Brandon Almy, David Marshall, Brittany L. Nordhaus, Erin Fedak Romanowski, Nancy McNamara, Elise Hodges, Madison M. Berl, Alyssa Ailion, Donald J. Bearden, Katrina Boyer, Crystal M. Cooper, Amanda M. Decrow, Priscilla H. Duong, Patricia Espe-Pfeifer, Marsha Gabriel, Jennifer I. Koop, Kelly A. McNally, Andrew Molnar, Emily Olsen, Kim E. Ono, Kristina E. Patrick, Brianna Paul, Jonathan Romain, Leigh N. Sepeta, Rebecca L.H. Stilp, Greta N. Wilkening, Mike Zaccariello, Frank Zelko
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 26-27
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Children with epilepsy are at greater risk of lower academic achievement than their typically developing peers (Reilly and Neville, 2015). Demographic, social, and neuropsychological factors, such as executive functioning (EF), mediate this relation. While research emphasizes the importance of EF skills for academic achievement among typically developing children (e.g., Best et al., 2011; Spiegel et al., 2021) less is known among children with epilepsy (Ng et al., 2020). The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of EF skills on academic achievement in a nationwide sample of children with epilepsy.
Participants and Methods:Participants included 427 children with epilepsy (52% male; MAge= 10.71), enrolled in the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium (PERC) Epilepsy Surgery Database who had been referred for surgery and underwent neuropsychological testing. Academic achievement was assessed by performance measures (word reading, reading comprehension, spelling, and calculation and word-based mathematics) and parent-rating measures (Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS) Functional Academics and Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) School Performance). EF was assessed by verbal fluency measures, sequencing, and planning measures from the Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS), NEPSY, and Tower of London test. Rating-based measures of EF included the 'Attention Problems’ subscale from the CBCL and 'Cognitive Regulation’ index from the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF-2). Partial correlations assessed associations between EF predictors and academic achievement, controlling for fullscale IQ (FSIQ; A composite across intelligence tests). Significant predictors of each academic skill or rating were entered into a two-step regression that included FSIQ, demographics, and seizure variables (age of onset, current medications) in the first step with EF predictors in the second step.
Results:Although zero-order correlations were significant between EF predictors and academic achievement (.29 < r’s < .63 for performance; -.63 < r’s < -.50 for rating measures), partial correlations controlling for FSIQ showed fewer significant relations. For performance-based EF, only letter fluency (DKEFS Letter Fluency) and cognitive flexibility (DKEFS Trails Condition 4) demonstrated significant associations with performance-based academic achievement (r’s > .29). Regression models for performance-based academic achievement indicated that letter fluency (ß = .22, p = .017) and CBCL attention problems (ß = -.21, p =.002) were significant predictors of sight-word reading. Only letter fluency (ß = .23, p =.006) was significant for math calculation. CBCL Attention Problems were a significant predictor of spelling performance (ß = -.21, p = .009) and reading comprehension (ß = -.18, p =.039). CBCL Attention Problems (ß = -.38, p <.001 for ABAS; ß = -.34, p =.002 for CBCL School) and BRIEF-2 Cognitive Regulation difficulties (ß = -.46, p < .001 for ABAS; ß = -.46, p =.013 for CBCL School) were significant predictors of parent-rated ABAS Functional Academics and CBCL School Performance.
Conclusions:Among a national pediatric epilepsy dataset, performance-based and ratings-based measures of EF predicted performance academic achievement, whereas only ratings-based EF predicted parent-rated academic achievement, due at least in part to shared method variance. These findings suggest that interventions that increase cognitive regulation, reduce symptoms of attention dysfunction, and promote self-generative, flexible thinking, may promote academic achievement among children with epilepsy.
38 Fine Motor Skills in Pediatric Frontal Lobe Epilepsy are Associated with Executive Dysfunction and ADHD Symptomatology
- Moshe Maiman, Madison Berl, Jennifer I Koop, Donald J Bearden, Katrina Boyer, Crystal M Cooper, Amanda M Decrow, Priscilla H. Duong, Patricia Espe-Pfeifer, Marsha Gabriel, Elise Hodges, Kelly A McNally, Andrew Molnar, Emily Olsen, Kim E Ono, Kristina E Patrick, Brianna Paul, Jonathan Romain, Leigh N Sepeta, Rebecca LH Stilp, Greta N Wilkening, Mike Zaccariello, Frank Zelko, Clemente Vega, Trey Moore, Szimonetta Mulati, Phillip Pearl, Jeffrey Bolton, Alyssa Ailion
-
- Journal:
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society / Volume 29 / Issue s1 / November 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2023, pp. 37-38
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Export citation
-
Objective:
Pediatric patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) have higher rates of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), as well as executive functioning (EF) and fine motor (FM) challenges. Relations between these constructs have been established in youth with ADHD and are supported by FM and EF skill involvement in frontal-subcortical systems. Still, they are not well understood in pediatric FLE. We hypothesized that poorer FM performance would be related to greater executive dysfunction and ADHD symptomatology in this group.
Participants and Methods:47 children and adolescents with FLE (AgeM=12.47, SD=5.18; IQM=84.07; SD=17.56; Age of Seizure OnsetM=6.85, SD=4.64; right-handed: n=34; left-handed: n=10; Unclear: n=3) were enrolled in the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium dataset as part of their phase I epilepsy surgical evaluation. Participants were selected if they had unifocal FLE and completed the Lafayette Grooved Pegboard (GP). Seizure lateralization (left-sided: n=19; right-sided: n=26; bilateral: n=2) and localization were established via data (e.g., EEG, MRI) presented at a multidisciplinary team case conference. Patients completed neuropsychological measures of FM, attention, and EF. Parents also completed questionnaires inquiring about their child’s everyday EF and ADHD symptomatology. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine FM, EF, and ADHD relations.
Results:Dominant hand (DH) manual dexterity (GP) was related to parent-reported EF (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition [BRIEF-2]-Global Executive Composite [GEC]: r(15) =-.70, p<.01, d=1.96). While not statistically significant, medium to large effect sizes were found for GP DH and parent-reported inattention (Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition [BASC-3]-Attention Problems: r(12)=-.39, p=.17, d=.85) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (BASC-3-Hyperactivity: r(11)= -.44, p=.13, d=.98), as well as performance-based attention (Conners Continuous Performance Test, Third Edition -Omission Errors: r(12)=-.35, p=.22, d=.41), working memory (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children - Fifth Edition [WISC-V]-Digit Span [DS]: r(19)=.38, p=.09, d=.82) and cognitive flexibility (Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS) Verbal Fluency Category Switching: r(13)=.46, p=.08, d=1.04); this suggests that these relations may exist but that our study was underpowered to detect them. Non-dominant hand (NDH) manual dexterity was related to performance-based working memory (WISC-V-DS: r(19)=.50, p<.01, d=1.12) and cognitive flexibility (D-KEFS-Trails Making Test Number-Letter Switching: r(17)=.64, p<.01, d=1.67). Again, while underpowered, medium to large effect sizes were found for GP NDH and parent-reported EF (BRIEF-2 GEC: r(15) =-.45, p=.07, d=1.01) and performance-based phonemic fluency (D-KEFS-Letter Fluency: r(13)=.31, p=.20, d=.65).
Conclusions:Our findings suggest that FM, EF, and ADHD are related in youth with FLE; however, these relations appear to vary by skill and hand. We posit that our findings are due in part to the frontal-cerebellar networks given their anatomic proximity between frontal motor areas and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex - as well as their shared functional involvement in these networks. Future studies should evaluate the predictive validity of initial FM skills for later executive dysfunction and ADHD symptomatology in FLE. If such relations emerge, contributions of early FM interventions on EF development should be examined. Further replication of these findings with a larger sample is warranted.
354 Unitary neural correlates of executive control in pediatric transdiagnostic psychopathology
- Part of
- Adam Kaminski, Hua Xie, Xiaozhen You, Kathryn Flaharty, Charlotte Jeppsen, Sufang Li, Junaid S. Merchant, Madison M. Berl, Lauren Kenworthy, Chandan J. Vaidya
-
- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 7 / Issue s1 / April 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 24 April 2023, pp. 104-105
-
- Article
-
- You have access Access
- Open access
- Export citation
-
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Childhood psychiatric symptoms are highly comorbid. Their co-occurrence and association with negative life outcomes is partially explained by deficits in executive control, or processes enabling self-regulation. Here, we test a novel executive neural target in three fMRI tasks and its relevance to shared psychopathology. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We studied 60 children [15 F/45 M; mean age (SD)=11.6 years (1.62)] with diverse diagnoses including attention deficit disorder (n=26) and autism spectrum disorder (n=22). We extracted a latent general factor of psychopathology using principal component analyses applied to parent-report Child Behavior Checklist syndrome scores. Subjects completed 3 executive control fMRI probes, tapping adaptive control, working memory, and inhibition. Correlational psychophysiological interaction (cPPI) analysis measured correlations between executive control-related modulations of activity in 414 network-affiliated parcels. We selected parcels exhibiting control-related cross-network correlations as well as control-related activity across all tasks and tested them for association with psychopathology. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: cPPI connectivity matrices were thresholded and graphs were identified using the Network-Based Statistic toolbox (p90th percentile PC) as well as control-related activation (>10% activated voxels; p DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results examine cross-network interactions between brain regions during 3 fMRI tasks and their role in explaining individual variation in psychopathology. As executive control links to both comorbidity and life outcomes, identifying the clinically-relevant neural correlates of controlled behavior may lead to transdiagnostic treatments.
Chapter 18 - Network Excitability and Cognition in the Developing Brain
- from Part IV - Mapping Consequences of the Disease
- Edited by Andrea Bernasconi, Neda Bernasconi, Matthias Koepp
-
- Book:
- Imaging Biomarkers in Epilepsy
- Published online:
- 07 January 2019
- Print publication:
- 10 January 2019, pp 193-206
-
- Chapter
- Export citation